Dog Nutrition: How Much and What Your Dog Really Needs

Hund frisst Futter aus einem Napf

Too much, too little, the wrong kind? There's a lot of uncertainty when it comes to dog food. But the basics are simple: the right amount, good quality, and keeping an eye on your dog's figure. Because obesity is more common than many think.

The most important things in brief

  • The feeding recommendation on the package is only a starting value.
  • Treats count – include them in the daily ration.
  • The benchmark is your dog's figure (Body Condition Score): visible waist, palpable ribs.

How much does my dog need?

The requirement depends on weight, age, activity, and metabolism. The package information is a guideline – observe your dog's weight and figure and adjust the amount accordingly. An active young dog needs more than a calm senior.

What the numbers show: Obesity is widespread

Studies estimate that, depending on the region, 40–60% of dogs are overweight. Experts assess this using the Body Condition Score (BCS) from WSAVA (9-point scale) – 4–5/9 is ideal. Obesity is linked to secondary problems such as high blood pressure and metabolic disorders. Interestingly: In overweight households, dogs are also more often too heavy.

Source: Muñoz-Prieto et al., 2017 (Obesity-Prevalence-Study) · WSAVA Body Condition Score

What belongs in the bowl

Life stage Focus
Puppy more energy & protein, several small meals
Adult balanced maintenance, usually 1–2 meals
Senior fewer calories, easily digestible
Figure check (BCS): A waist should be visible from above, and ribs palpable under a light layer of fat. If everything is round and the ribs are barely palpable, it's usually too much.
Practical tip: Weigh the daily ration instead of filling by feel. Include treats and chew items – they should make up a maximum of about 10% of the daily energy. At your next vet visit, have the BCS determined together.

Hands off: not for dogs

Some foods are toxic to dogs – e.g. chocolate, grapes/raisins, onions, and xylitol. More information in the guide Toxic Foods & Plants for Dogs.

Frequently Asked Questions

Feed once or twice a day?

Adult dogs usually tolerate two meals well – easier on the stomach than one large portion. Puppies need several small ones.

How do I recognize obesity?

Via the Body Condition Score: visible waist from above, palpable ribs. If in doubt, ask the vet.

Sources

  • Muñoz-Prieto A. et al. (2017): Prevalence of Canine Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction. Link

For illnesses or special needs, coordinate feeding with a vet or nutritional consultant.